Database Management Basics

Database management is the process for managing data that supports the organization’s business processes. It involves storing data, distributing it to application programs and users making changes as needed as well as monitoring changes to the data and preventing it from being corrupted due to unexpected failure. It is a part of an organization’s overall informational infrastructure which aids in decision making and corporate growth, as well as compliance with laws such as the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

The first database systems were invented in the 1960s by Charles Bachman, IBM and others. They evolved into information management systems (IMS), which allowed large amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a range of reasons. From calculating inventory to supporting complex financial accounting functions and human resource functions.

A database is a collection of tables that store data in accordance with a certain scheme, like one-to-many relationships. It utilizes primary key to identify records and permits cross-references among tables. Each table contains a set of fields, referred to as attributes, which provide information about data entities. The most widely used kind of database is a relational model developed by E. F. “Ted” Codd at IBM in the 1970s. The concept is based on normalizing data to make it easier to use. It also makes it easier to update data by avoiding the need to modify several databases.

The majority of DBMSs support a variety of databases by providing different internal and external levels of organization. The internal level addresses cost, scalability and other operational concerns such as the layout of the physical storage. The external level determines how the database is presented in user interfaces and other applications. It could include a mix of various external views (based on the various data models) and can also include virtual tables that are created from generic data to improve performance.

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